Thursday, April 24, 2025

New study shifts origin of the lizard-snake group to 205 million years

A storeroom specimen that changed the origins of modern lizards by millions of years has had its identity confirmed.

In a research paper, University of Bristol researchers described Cryptovaranoides microlanius from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom as the oldest crown squamate, lizard-snake group. This study shifts their origin by 30 million years, back to 205 million years old, making it the oldest modern-type lizard on record. However, this study was challenged and Cryptovaranoides were reinterpreted as an archosauromorph. Now, the Bristol researchers have deemed the rival study as void, and put forth evidencfes supporting their claims.

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carbon dioxide symbol on green background

Novel material can convert CO₂ into fuel

Hybrid Tincone Material Enhances Stability and Electrochemical Performance

Researchers have developed a stable metalcone thin film for converting atmospheric CO₂ into methanol, a liquid fuel. By mildly annealing tincone at 250°C, they improved its stability in aqueous solutions while enhancing its electrochemical properties. This breakthrough overcomes a major challenge in using Metalcones for carbon reduction applications. The next step involves integrating this engineered material into real-world systems to assess its efficiency in CO₂ conversion. This innovation paves the way for more sustainable fuel production and advances in photoelectrochemical applications.

Science
Largest Organic Molecules Ever Found on Mars Hint at Complex Chemistry

Martian Clues to Life? NASA Rover Finds Large Organic Molecules on...

Discovery of Hydrocarbons Strengthens Case for Ancient Habitability

NASA’s Curiosity rover has detected the largest organic molecules ever found on Mars—decane, undecane, and dodecane. These hydrocarbons, believed to be fragments of fatty acids, suggest that Mars' organic chemistry may have been more complex than previously thought. The findings support the possibility that ancient Mars had the right conditions for life. Scientists emphasize the need to bring samples back to Earth for deeper analysis, as Curiosity's instruments may not detect even larger, more complex molecules that could further reveal Mars’ potential for past life.

Hydrogen

A cost-effective catalyst to revolutionize hydrogen production

A low-cost palladium-based nanosheet

Researchers from the Tokyo University of Science developed a new catalyst called bis(diimino)palladium coordination nanosheets (PdDI). These low-cost palladium-based nanosheets perform as well as platinum in producing hydrogen. Created using a simple synthesis process with minimal precious metals, the nanosheets reduce metal usage and lower hydrogen production costs.

Human Eye

Our breathing affects our vision

Breathing shapes what we see.

A study from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden found that breathing influences pupil size. The pupil is smallest during inhalation and largest during exhalation. This effect is always present and doesn't require external stimuli. Breathing's impact on brain activity and cognitive functions suggests this could help regulate vision and attention.

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